Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)

Introduction

Haemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or erythroblastosis fetalis, is an alloimmune condition that develops in a foetus, when the IgG molecules produced by the mother pass through the placenta. During pregnancy, IgG antibodies are actively transported across the placenta. If the foetus has the RBC antigen...

The following are the most common symptoms of haemolytic disease of the newborn. However, each infant may experience symptoms differently. During pregnancy symptoms may include: Before birthWith amniocentesis, the amniotic fluid may have...

Kernicterus Kernicterus also will occur when unconjugated bilirubin can reach levels toxic to the infant’s brain (generally 18mg/dL). Symptoms of non-life threatening kernicterus can range from deafness to severe mental retardation. Kernicterus ...

Before birth Antigen-antibody interaction occurs. Antibody coated RBCs are removed from foetal circulation by macrophages of the spleen and liver. Results: anaemia In response to anaemia, foetal bone marrow and other haematopoietic tissues...

Antibody of RBCs potentially cause HDN is antibody of IgG class that possessed by the mother and the antibody is known could cause various degree of complications to the foetus if the foetus has RBCs containing the corresponding antigen. IgG...

a. Detection of HDN can be done through prenatal and postnatal test. b. Prenatal test is performed to identify those women at risk of having babies affected with HDN. Specimens used are clotted blood sample from both mother and father.c....

Once HDN is diagnosed, treatment may be needed. Treatment for HDN can be divided to before delivery and after delivery for Rh HDN and ABO HDN. Rh HDN If HDN is detected during pregnancy (before delivery) that is Rh HDN cases, it...

ABO HDN, no way to prevent or predict. For Rh HDN there are ways to prevent the occurrence of Rh HDN. Fortunately, HDN is a very preventable disease. Because of the advances in prenatal care, nearly all women with Rh negative...

Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)

The tab

Introduction

Signs & Symptoms

Complication

Pathogenesis

Aetiology

Laboratory Diagnosis

Treatment

Prevention